Tsebo ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa carbide

Carbide ke sehlopha se sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa sa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa machining tse lebelo le phahameng (HSM), tse hlahisoang ke mekhoa ea metallurgy ea phofo 'me e na le likaroloana tse thata tsa carbide (hangata tungsten carbide WC) le motsoako o bonolo oa tšepe. Hajoale, ho na le makholo a li-carbide tse entsoeng ka samente tse thehiloeng ho WC tse nang le liqapi tse fapaneng, tseo bongata ba tsona li sebelisang cobalt (Co) joalo ka setlamo, nickel (Ni) le chromium (Cr) le tsona li sebelisoa hangata, 'me tse ling le tsona li ka eketsoa. . likarolo tse ling tsa alloying. Ke hobane'ng ha ho na le limaraka tse ngata hakaale tsa carbide? Baetsi ba lisebelisoa ba khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng joang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e itseng ea ho itšeha? Ho araba lipotso tsena, a re qaleng ka ho sheba lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse etsang carbide e samente hore e be sesebelisoa se loketseng.

thatafalo le thatafalo

WC-Co cemented carbide e na le melemo e ikhethang ho thata le ho tiea. Tungsten carbide (WC) ka tlhaho e thata haholo (ho feta corundum kapa alumina), 'me thata ea eona ha e fokotsehe ha mocheso oa ts'ebetso o ntse o eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, ha e na boima bo lekaneng, thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho seha. E le ho nka monyetla ka boima bo phahameng ba tungsten carbide le ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha eona, batho ba sebelisa li-bonds tsa tšepe ho kopanya tungsten carbide hammoho, e le hore thepa ena e be le boima bo fetang hōle ba tšepe ea lebelo le phahameng, ha e ntse e khona ho mamella ho itšeha ka ho fetisisa. ts'ebetso. matla a ho kgaola. Ho phaella moo, e ka mamella mocheso o phahameng oa ho itšeha o bakoang ke ho sebetsa ka lebelo le phahameng.

Kajeno, hoo e batlang e le lithipa tsohle tsa WC-Co le lisebelisoa li koahetsoe, kahoo karolo ea thepa ea motheo e bonahala e se ea bohlokoa hakaalo. Empa ha e le hantle, ke modulus e phahameng ea elastic ea thepa ea WC-Co (tekanyo ea ho satalla, e ka bang makhetlo a mararo a tšepe e phahameng ka mocheso oa kamore) e fanang ka substrate e sa senyeheng bakeng sa ho roala. WC-Co matrix e boetse e fana ka boima bo hlokahalang. Thepa ena ke thepa ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tsa WC-Co, empa thepa ea thepa e ka hlophisoa hape ka ho lokisa sebopeho sa thepa le sebopeho sa microstructure ha ho etsoa liphofo tsa carbide tse samenteng. Ka hona, ho tshwaneleha ha tshebetso ya disebediswa ho machining e itseng ho itshetlehile haholo ka tshebetso ya pele ya ho sila.

Mokhoa oa ho sila

Tungsten carbide phofo e fumanoa ka carburizing tungsten (W) phofo. Litšobotsi tsa tungsten carbide phofo (haholo-holo phatsa boholo ba eona) haholo-holo itšetlehile ka phatsa boholo ba thepa e tala tungsten phofo le mocheso le nako ea carburization. Taolo ea lik'hemik'hale e boetse e bohlokoa, 'me lihlahisoa tsa carbon li tlameha ho lula li le teng (haufi le boleng ba stoichiometric ba 6.13% ka boima ba 'mele). Palo e nyane ea vanadium le / kapa chromium e ka eketsoa pele ho kalafo ea carburizing e le ho laola boholo ba karolo ea phofo ka lits'ebetso tse latelang. Maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebetso e tlase le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea ho qetela e hloka motsoako o khethehileng oa boholo ba karoloana ea tungsten carbide, dikahare tsa khabone, dikahare tsa vanadium le dikahare tsa chromium, tseo ka tsona ho ka hlahisoang mefuta e fapaneng ea li-tungsten carbide powders. Ka mohlala, ATI Alldyne, moetsi oa tungsten carbide powder, o hlahisa limaraka tse 23 tse tloaelehileng tsa tungsten carbide powder, 'me mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tungsten carbide phofo e hlophisitsoeng ho latela litlhoko tsa mosebedisi e ka finyella makhetlo a fetang 5 a litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa phofo ea tungsten carbide.

Ha o kopanya le ho sila phofo ea tungsten carbide le bond ea tšepe ho hlahisa mofuta o itseng oa phofo ea carbide e entsoeng ka samente, ho ka sebelisoa metsoako e fapaneng. Lintho tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa cobalt ke 3% - 25% (karolelano ea boima ba 'mele),' me tabeng ea ho hloka ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha sesebelisoa, hoa hlokahala ho eketsa nickel le chromium. Ho phaella moo, tlamo ea tšepe e ka ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsehileng ka ho eketsa likarolo tse ling tsa alloy. Mohlala, ho kenyelletsa ruthenium ho WC-Co cemented carbide ho ka ntlafatsa haholo ho tiea ha eona ntle le ho fokotsa boima ba eona. Ho eketsa litaba tsa binder ho ka boela ha ntlafatsa ho tiea ha carbide e entsoeng ka samente, empa ho tla fokotsa boima ba eona.

Ho fokotsa boholo ba likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide ho ka eketsa boima ba thepa, empa boholo ba likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide bo tlameha ho lula bo tšoana nakong ea sintering. Nakong ea sintering, likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide lia kopana le ho hola ka mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha le ho khutlisa. Ts'ebetsong ea 'nete ea sintering, e le hore ho thehoe thepa e teteaneng ka ho feletseng, tlamo ea tšepe e fetoha mokelikeli (o bitsoang liquid phase sintering). Sekhahla sa ho hōla ha likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide se ka laoloa ka ho eketsa li-carbide tse ling tsa phetoho, ho akarelletsa vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), le niobium carbide (NbC). Hangata li-carbide tsena tsa tšepe li eketsoa ha phofo ea tungsten carbide e tsoakoa le ho siloa ka bond ea tšepe, le hoja vanadium carbide le chromium carbide le tsona li ka etsoa ha tungsten carbide powder e etsoa carburized.

Tungsten carbide phofo e ka boela ea hlahisoa ka ho sebelisa litšila tse entsoeng hape tse entsoeng ka carbide. Ho tsosolosoa le ho sebelisoa hape ha scrap carbide ho na le histori e telele indastering ea carbide e entsoeng ka samente 'me ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ketane eohle ea moruo ea indasteri, ho thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa, ho boloka mehloli ea tlhaho le ho qoba litšila. Ho lahla ho kotsi. Carbide e entsoeng ka samente e entsoeng ka majoe e ka sebelisoa hape ke mokhoa oa APT (ammonium paratungstate), mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa zinki kapa ka ho senya. "Recycled" tungsten carbide powders hangata li na le tšubuhlellano e betere, e ka lebelloang esale pele hobane li na le sebaka se senyane ho feta li-tungsten carbide powders tse entsoeng ka kotloloho ts'ebetsong ea tungsten carburizing.

Maemo a ts'ebetso ea ho sila ho tsoakiloeng ha tungsten carbide phofo le bond ea tšepe le tsona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso. Mekhoa e 'meli e sebelisoang haholo ea ho sila ke bolo le micromilling. Mekhoa ena ka bobeli e etsa hore ho be le motsoako o tšoanang oa li-powders tsa milled le boholo bo fokotsehileng. E le ho etsa hore workpiece e hatelitsoeng hamorao e be le matla a lekaneng, ho boloka sebōpeho sa mosebetsi oa matsoho, le ho nolofalletsa motho ea sebetsang kapa manipulator ho nka mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa, hangata hoa hlokahala ho eketsa setlamo sa manyolo nakong ea ho sila. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa tlamo ena se ka ama boima le matla a workpiece e hatelitsoeng. E le ho nolofatsa ho sebetsana, ho eletsoa ho eketsa li-binders tse matla, empa sena se fella ka ho fokotseha ho fokolang 'me ho ka hlahisa maqeba a ka bakang bokooa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.

Ka mor'a ho sila, phofo e atisa ho fafatsoa-omisitsoe ho hlahisa li-agglomerate tse phallang mahala tse tšoaroang hammoho ke li-binders tsa manyolo. Ka ho fetola sebopeho sa setlamo sa manyolo, phallo le tefiso ea tefiso ea li-agglomerate tsena li ka hlophisoa joalo ka ha ho lakatsoa. Ka ho hlahloba likaroloana tse nyenyane kapa tse nyenyane, kabo ea boholo ba karoloana ea agglomerate e ka etsoa ka ho eketsehileng ho etsa bonnete ba hore phallo e ntle ha e kenngoa ka har'a hlobo ea hlobo.

Ho etsa mesebetsi ea matsoho

Lisebelisoa tsa carbide li ka etsoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso. Ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba workpiece, boemo ba ho rarahana ha sebopeho, le betch ea tlhahiso, boholo ba li-inserts tsa ho itšeha li bōptjoa ho sebelisoa ka holimo le ka tlaase-khatello e thata e shoa. E le ho boloka botsitso ba boima ba 'mele le boholo ba' mele nakong ea khatiso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, hoa hlokahala ho netefatsa hore palo ea phofo (boima le molumo) e phallang ka har'a sekoti e tšoana hantle. The fluidity ea phofo e haholo-holo laoloa ke boholo kabo ea agglomerate le thepa ea manyolo binder. Lisebelisoa tse bōpiloeng (kapa "likheo") li thehoa ka ho sebelisa khatello ea ho bopa ea 10-80 ksi (lik'hilograma tsa lik'hilograma ka leoto la lisekoere) ho phofo e kentsoeng ka har'a hlobo.

Esita le tlas'a khatello e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho bōpa, likaroloana tse thata tsa tungsten carbide li ke ke tsa senyeha kapa tsa robeha, empa "organic binder" e hatelloa ka har'a likheo pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide, kahoo e lokisa boemo ba likaroloana. Ha khatello e phahame, ho tlamahane ho matla ha likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide le ho teteana ho hoholo ha mosebetsi. Thepa ea ho bopa ea limaraka tsa phofo ea carbide e samente e ka fapana, ho ipapisitse le litaba tsa tšepe ea tšepe, boholo le sebopeho sa likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide, tekanyo ea agglomeration, sebopeho le tlatsetso ea organic binder. E le ho fana ka boitsebiso bo bongata mabapi le thepa ea compaction ea limaraka tsa li-powders tsa carbide tse entsoeng ka samente, kamano pakeng tsa boima ba ho bopa le khatello ea ho bopa hangata e entsoe le ho hahoa ke moetsi oa phofo. Tlhahisoleseding ena e tiisa hore phofo e fanoeng e lumellana le mokhoa oa ho bopa oa moetsi oa lisebelisoa.

Lisebelisoa tsa carbide tse boholo bo boholo kapa li-carbide workpieces tse nang le likarolo tse phahameng (tse kang lishanka tsa li-mill le li-drill) li atisa ho etsoa ho tloha ho likarolo tse tšoanang tsa phofo ea carbide ka mokotleng o tenyetsehang. Le hoja potoloho ea tlhahiso ea mokhoa o leka-lekaneng oa ho hatella e telele ho feta mokhoa oa ho bopa, theko ea tlhahiso ea sesebelisoa e tlaase, kahoo mokhoa ona o loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlopha tse nyenyane.

Mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso ke ho kenya phofo ka mokotleng, ebe o tiisa molomo oa mokotla, ebe o kenya mokotla o tletseng phofo ka kamoreng, ebe o sebelisa khatello ea 30-60ksi ka mochine oa hydraulic ho hatella. Li-workpieces tse hatelitsoeng hangata li entsoe ka li-geometri tse itseng pele ho sintering. Bongata ba mokotla bo atolosoa ho amohela shrinkage ea mosebetsi nakong ea compaction le ho fana ka moeli o lekaneng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho sila. Kaha mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa o hloka ho sebetsoa ka mor'a ho hatella, litlhoko tsa ho tsitsa ha ho tjhaja ha li thata joaloka mokhoa oa ho bōpa, empa ho ntse ho lakatseha ho etsa bonnete ba hore palo e lekanang ea phofo e kenngoa ka mokotleng nako le nako. Haeba boima ba ho tjhaja ha phofo bo le nyane haholo, bo ka lebisa ho phofshoana e sa lekaneng ka mokotleng, e leng se etsang hore sesebelisoa se be se senyane haholo mme se tlameha ho hlakoloa. Haeba boima ba ho jara phofo bo phahame haholo, 'me phofo e kentsoeng ka mokotleng e ngata haholo, mosebetsi oa ho sebetsa o lokela ho sebetsoa ho tlosa phofo e ngata ka mor'a hore e hateletsoe. Le hoja phofo e feteletseng e tlositsoeng le lisebelisoa tse lahliloeng li ka sebelisoa hape, ho etsa joalo ho fokotsa tlhahiso.

Lisebelisoa tsa carbide le tsona li ka etsoa ho sebelisoa li-extrusion dies kapa ente e shoa. Mokhoa oa ho bopa oa extrusion o loketse haholoanyane tlhahiso ea boima ba li-workpieces tsa sebopeho sa axisymmetric, ha mokhoa oa ho bopa ka ente hangata o sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso e boima ea li-workpieces tse rarahaneng tsa sebopeho. Lits'ebetsong tse peli tsa ho bopa, limaraka tsa phofo ea carbide e samente e emisoa ka har'a setlamo sa organic se fanang ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa sesepa sa meno ho motsoako o entsoeng ka samente oa carbide. Ka mor'a moo, motsoako o ntšetsoa ka lesoba kapa o kenngoa ka har'a lesoba hore o be teng. Litšobotsi tsa sehlopha sa samente carbide phofo etsa qeto ea optimum karo-karolelano ea phofo ho binder ka motsoako, 'me ba le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ka flowability ea motsoako ka lesoba extrusion kapa ente ka cavity.

Ka mor'a hore workpiece e thehoe ka ho bōptjoa, ho hatisa isostatic, extrusion kapa ente molding, organic binder e hloka ho tlosoa mosebetsing pele ho sethaleng sa ho qetela sa sintering. Sintering e tlosa porosity ho tloha mosebetsing, e etsa hore e be e teteaneng ka botlalo (kapa haholo). Nakong ea sintering, tlamo ea tšepe ka mochine oa khatiso o entsoeng ka mochine oa khatiso o fetoha mokelikeli, empa workpiece e boloka sebōpeho sa eona tlas'a ketso e kopantsoeng ea matla a capillary le particle linkage.

Ka mor'a ho sintering, geometry ea workpiece e ntse e tšoana, empa litekanyo li fokotsehile. E le hore u fumane boholo bo hlokahalang ba workpiece ka mor'a ho sintering, tekanyo ea shrinkage e lokela ho nkoa ha ho etsoa sesebelisoa. Palo ea phofo ea carbide e sebelisetsoang ho etsa sesebelisoa ka seng e tlameha ho etsoa hore e be le shrinkage e nepahetseng ha e kopantsoe tlas'a khatello e loketseng.

Hoo e ka bang maemong ohle, ho hlokahala kalafo ea post-sintering ea sintered workpiece. Kalafo ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha ke ho chorisa sekhahla se sehang. Lisebelisoa tse ngata li hloka ho sila ha geometry le litekanyo tsa tsona ka mor'a ho sintering. Lisebelisoa tse ling li hloka ho sila holimo le tlase; tse ling li hloka ho sila ka mahlakoreng (ka kapa ntle le ho leotsa moeli o sehang). Li-chips tsohle tsa carbide tse tsoang ho sila li ka sebelisoa hape.

Ho roala ka workpiece

Maemong a mangata, mosebetsi o felileng o hloka ho koaheloa. Ho roala ho fana ka lubricity le ho thatafala ho eketsehileng, hammoho le thibelo ea ho hasana ho substrate, ho thibela oxidation ha e pepesehetse mocheso o phahameng. Karolo e entsoeng ka samente ea carbide e bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea ho roala. Ntle le ho lokisa thepa e ka sehloohong ea phofo ea matrix, thepa ea holim'a matrix e ka boela ea etsoa ka khetho ea lik'hemik'hale le ho fetola mokhoa oa sintering. Ka ho falla ha cobalt, cobalt e eketsehileng e ka ntlafatsoa karolong e ka ntle ea lehare ka har'a botenya ba 20-30 μm ha e bapisoa le karolo e 'ngoe ea mosebetsi, kahoo e fana ka holim'a substrate matla a molemo le ho tiea, ho etsa hore e be matla le ho feta. e hanyetsanang le deformation.

Ho ipapisitsoe le ts'ebetso ea bona ea tlhahiso (e kang mokhoa oa dewaxing, sekhahla sa ho futhumatsa, nako ea sintering, mocheso le motlakase oa carburizing), moetsi oa lisebelisoa a ka ba le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa sehlopha sa phofo e entsoeng ka samente e sebelisitsoeng. Baetsi ba lithulusi ba bang ba ka 'na ba kenya sebōpi ka har'a sebōpi sa vacuum, ha ba bang ba ka sebelisa sebōpi se chesang sa isostatic pressing (HIP) (se hatellang sesebedisoa ho elella qetellong ea potoloho ea ts'ebetso ho tlosa mesaletsa leha e le efe) masoba). Lisebelisoa tse kentsoeng ka sebōping sa vacuum le tsona li ka 'na tsa hloka ho chesa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ka mokhoa o eketsehileng ho eketsa boima ba mosebetsi. Baetsi ba lithulusi ba bang ba ka sebelisa mocheso o phahameng oa vacuum sintering ho eketsa letsoalo la sintered la metsoako e nang le litaba tse tlase tsa cobalt, empa mokhoa ona o ka holisa sebopeho sa bona sa microstructure. E le ho boloka boholo bo botle ba lijo-thollo, li-powders tse nang le karoloana e nyane ea tungsten carbide li ka khethoa. E le ho tsamaisana le thepa e khethehileng ea tlhahiso, maemo a dewaxing le carburizing voltage le tsona li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng bakeng sa likahare tsa carbon ka phofo e entsoeng ka samente ea carbide.

Karolelano ea mophato

Liphetoho tse kopaneng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea phofo ea tungsten carbide, sebopeho sa motsoako le litaba tsa tšepe, mofuta le palo ea inhibitor ea kholo ea lijo-thollo, joalo-joalo, li etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea limaraka tsa carbide. Mekhahlelo ena e tla khetholla sebopeho sa microstructure ea carbide e entsoeng ka samente le thepa ea eona. Metsoako e meng ea thepa e se e le eona ntho e tlang pele bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse itseng tsa ts'ebetso, e leng se etsang hore ho be le moelelo ho arola limaraka tse fapaneng tsa carbide.

Litsamaiso tse peli tse sebelisoang ka ho fetesisa tsa carbide bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa machining ke sistimi ea mabitso a C le sistimi ea mabitso ea ISO. Leha ho se sistimi e bonts'ang ka botlalo thepa ea thepa e susumetsang khetho ea limaraka tsa carbide, li fana ka qalo ea puisano. Bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng, bahlahisi ba bangata ba na le limaraka tsa bona tse khethehileng, tse hlahisang mefuta e mengata ea limaraka tsa carbide.

Limaraka tsa Carbide le tsona li ka aroloa ka sebopeho. Limaraka tsa Tungsten carbide (WC) li ka aroloa ka mefuta e meraro ea mantlha: e bonolo, microcrystalline le alloyed. Limaraka tsa Simplex li na le li-tungsten carbide le li-binders tsa cobalt, empa hape li ka ba le li-inhibitors tse nyane tsa kholo ea lijo-thollo. Sehlopha sa microcrystalline se entsoe ka tungsten carbide le cobalt binder e kentsoeng ka likete tse 'maloa tsa vanadium carbide (VC) le (kapa) chromium carbide (Cr3C2), 'me boholo ba eona ba lijo-thollo bo ka fihla ho 1 μm kapa ka tlase. Limaraka tsa alloy li entsoe ka li-tungsten carbide le li-binders tsa cobalt tse nang le liperesente tse 'maloa tsa titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), le niobium carbide (NbC). Keketso ena e boetse e tsejoa e le li-cubic carbides ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona ea sintering. Sephetho sa microstructure se bonts'a sebopeho sa mekhahlelo e meraro e sa tšoaneng.

1) Limaraka tse bonolo tsa carbide

Limaraka tsena tsa ho itšeha ka tšepe hangata li na le 3% ho isa ho 12% ea cobalt (ka boima ba 'mele). Boholo ba lithollo tsa tungsten carbide hangata bo pakeng tsa 1-8 μm. Joalo ka limaraka tse ling, ho fokotsa boholo ba karolo ea tungsten carbide ho eketsa boima ba eona le matla a phatlohileng (TRS), empa ho fokotsa boima ba eona. Ho thatafala ha mofuta o hloekileng hangata ho pakeng tsa HRA89-93.5; matla a ho phunyeha a phunyeletsang hangata a pakeng tsa 175-350ksi. Liphoofolo tsa limaraka tsena li ka ba le lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebelisoang hape.

Limaraka tsa mofuta o bonolo li ka aroloa ka C1-C4 tsamaisong ea kereiti ea C, 'me li ka hlophisoa ho ea ka letoto la kereiti ea K, N, S le H tsamaisong ea kereiti ea ISO. Limaraka tsa Simplex tse nang le thepa ea mahareng li ka aroloa e le limaraka tsa sepheo se akaretsang (joalo ka C2 kapa K20) 'me li ka sebelisoa ho phethola, ho sila, ho rala le ho tena; limaraka tse nang le boholo bo fokolang ba lijo-thollo kapa li-cobalt tse tlase le boima bo phahameng bo ka khetholloa e le limaraka tsa ho qetela (tse kang C4 kapa K01); limaraka tse nang le boholo bo boholo ba lijo-thollo kapa boleng bo phahameng ba cobalt le boima bo betere bo ka hlalosoa e le limaraka tse thata (joalo ka C1 kapa K30).

Lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka limaraka tsa Simplex li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa machining iron cast cast, 200 le 300 series steel stainless, aluminium le tšepe tse ling tse se nang ferrous, superalloys le litšepe tse thata. Limaraka tsena li ka boela tsa sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse seng tsa tšepe (mohlala, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka lejoe le jeoloji), 'me limaraka tsena li na le boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa 1.5-10μm (kapa tse kholoanyane) le cobalt ea 6% -16%. Tšebeliso e 'ngoe e seng ea tšepe ea limaraka tse bonolo tsa carbide ke ho etsa li-dies and punch. Limaraka tsena hangata li na le boholo ba lijo-thollo tse mahareng tse nang le cobalt ea 16% -30%.

(2) Microcrystalline cemented carbide limaraka

Limaraka tse joalo hangata li na le 6% -15% cobalt. Nakong ea sintering ea mokelikeli, ho eketsoa ha vanadium carbide le / kapa chromium carbide ho ka laola kholo ea lijo-thollo ho fumana mohaho o motle oa lijo-thollo o nang le boholo ba likaroloana tse ka tlaase ho 1 μm. Mophato ona o motle o na le boima bo phahameng haholo le matla a phatlohileng a fetang 500ksi. Motsoako oa matla a phahameng le boima bo lekaneng bo lumella limaraka tsena ho sebelisa angle e kholoanyane e ntle ea rake, e fokotsang matla a ho itšeha le ho hlahisa li-chips tse tšesaane ka ho seha ho e-na le ho sutumetsa thepa ea tšepe.

Ka ho khetholla ka thata boleng ba thepa e sa tšoaneng e tala tlhahiso ea limaraka tsa phofo cemented carbide, le taolo e tiileng ea sintering maemo a tshebetso ho thibela ho thehoa ha lijo-thollo ka tsela e sa tloaelehang e khōlō microstructure lintho tse bonahalang, ho ka etsahala ho fumana thepa e loketseng. E le ho boloka boholo ba lijo-thollo bo le bonyenyane le bo lekanang, phofo e tsosolositsoeng e lokela ho sebelisoa feela haeba ho na le taolo e feletseng ea lisebelisoa tse tala le mokhoa oa ho hlaphoheloa, le tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea boleng.

Limaraka tsa microcrystalline li ka aroloa ho latela letoto la M grade tsamaisong ea kereiti ea ISO. Ho feta moo, mekhoa e meng ea ho arola tsamaisong ea sehlopha sa C le tsamaiso ea kereiti ea ISO e tšoana le limaraka tse hloekileng. Limaraka tsa Microcrystalline li ka sebelisoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tse sehang lisebelisoa tse bonolo tsa mosebetsi, hobane bokaholimo ba sesebelisoa bo ka etsoa ka boreleli haholo mme bo ka boloka moeli o bohale haholo.

Limaraka tsa Microcrystalline le tsona li ka sebelisoa ho etsa li-superalloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel, kaha li khona ho mamella mocheso o fihlang ho 1200 ° C. Bakeng sa ho sebetsana le li-superalloys le lisebelisoa tse ling tse khethehileng, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa microcrystalline grade le lisebelisoa tse hloekileng tse nang le ruthenium li ka ntlafatsa ka nako e le 'ngoe ho hanyetsa ha tsona, ho hanyetsa deformation le ho tiea. Limaraka tsa Microcrystalline li boetse li loketse ho etsoa ha lisebelisoa tse potolohang tse kang liboro tse hlahisang khatello ea ho kuta. Ho na le boro e entsoeng ka likarolo tse kopaneng tsa carbide e entsoeng ka samente. Likarolong tse khethehileng tsa ho cheka ho tšoanang, lintho tsa cobalt tse ka har'a thepa li fapana, e le hore ho thatafala le ho tiea ha drill ho ntlafatsoe ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso.

(3) Mofuta oa alloy o kentsoeng limaraka tsa carbide

Limaraka tsena li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho seha likarolo tsa tšepe, 'me litaba tsa bona tsa cobalt hangata ke 5% -10%,' me boholo ba lijo-thollo bo tloha ho 0.8-2μm. Ka ho eketsa 4% -25% titanium carbide (TiC), tloaelo ea tungsten carbide (WC) ea ho hasana holim'a lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e ka fokotseha. Matla a lithulusi, crater wear resistance le thermal shock resistance e ka ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsa ho fihla ho 25% tantalum carbide (TaC) le niobium carbide (NbC). Ho eketsoa ha li-cubic carbides tse joalo ho boetse ho eketsa boima bo bofubelu ba sesebelisoa, ho thusa ho qoba ho senyeha ha mocheso oa sesebelisoa ka ho itšeha ha boima kapa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe moo ho itšeha ho tla hlahisa mocheso o phahameng. Ho phaella moo, titanium carbide e ka fana ka libaka tsa nucleation nakong ea sintering, ho ntlafatsa ho tšoana ha li-cubic carbide kabong ea mosebetsi.

Ka kakaretso, mefuta e thata ea mofuta oa alloy-cemented carbide grade ke HRA91-94, 'me matla a fracture a pota-pota ke 150-300ksi. Ha ho bapisoa le limaraka tse hloekileng, limaraka tsa alloy li na le khanyetso e fokolang ea ho apara le matla a tlase, empa li na le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala sekhomaretsi. Limaraka tsa alloy li ka aroloa ka C5-C8 tsamaisong ea C grade, 'me li ka aroloa ho ea ka letoto la P le M tsamaisong ea ISO. Limaraka tsa alloy tse nang le thepa ea lipakeng li ka aroloa e le limaraka tsa sepheo se akaretsang (joalo ka C6 kapa P30) 'me li ka sebelisoa ho phethola, ho tlanya, ho rala le ho sila. Limaraka tse thata ka ho fetisisa li ka aroloa e le limaraka tsa ho qetela (joaloka C8 le P01) bakeng sa ho qeta mesebetsi ea ho fetola le e tenang. Limaraka tsena hangata li na le litekanyo tse nyane tsa lijo-thollo le litaba tse tlase tsa cobalt ho fumana boima bo hlokahalang le ho hanyetsa ho roala. Leha ho le joalo, thepa e tšoanang e ka fumanoa ka ho eketsa li-cubic carbides. Mephato e nang le boima bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ka hlalosoa e le limaraka tse thata (mohlala, C5 kapa P50). Limaraka tsena hangata li na le boholo ba lijo-thollo tse mahareng le li-cobalt tse ngata, tse nang le litlatsetso tse tlase tsa li-cubic carbides ho fihlela boima bo lakatsehang ka ho thibela kholo ea crack. Ts'ebetsong ea ho fetoha e sitisoeng, ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha e ka ntlafatsoa le ho feta ka ho sebelisa limaraka tse boletsoeng ka holimo tse nang le cobalt tse nang le litaba tse phahameng tsa cobalt holim'a sesebelisoa.

Limaraka tsa alloy tse nang le "titanium carbide" tse tlase li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsa machining a tšepe e sa hloekang le tšepe e ka sebelisoang habonolo, empa li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsa litšepe tse se nang ferrous joalo ka li-superalloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel. Boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa limaraka tsena hangata bo ka tlase ho 1 μm, 'me litaba tsa cobalt ke 8% -12%. Limaraka tse thata, tse kang M10, li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fetola tšepe e ka tšeloang; limaraka tse thata, tse kang M40, li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho sila le ho rala tšepe, kapa ho fetola tšepe e sa hloekang kapa li-superalloys.

Limaraka tsa carbide tsa mofuta oa alloy le tsona li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa merero e seng ea tšepe, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho etsa likarolo tse sa sebetseng. Boholo ba likaroloana tsa lihlopha tsena hangata ke 1.2-2 μm, 'me litaba tsa cobalt ke 7% -10%. Ha ho etsoa limaraka tsena, hangata ho eketsoa liperesente tse phahameng tsa thepa e tala e sebelisoang hape, e leng se etsang hore ho be le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho kenya likarolo tsa lisebelisoa. Likarolo tsa ho roala li hloka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu le boima bo phahameng, bo ka fumanoang ka ho eketsa nickel le chromium carbide ha ho etsoa limaraka tsena.

E le ho finyella litlhoko tsa theknoloji le tsa moruo tsa baetsi ba lisebelisoa, phofo ea carbide ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Li-powders tse etselitsoeng lisebelisoa tsa machining tsa baetsi ba lisebelisoa le li-parameter tsa ts'ebetso li netefatsa ts'ebetso ea "workpiece" e phethiloeng mme e hlahisitse makholo a limaraka tsa carbide. Mokhoa o ka sebelisoang hape oa thepa ea carbide le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa ka kotloloho le barekisi ba phofo e lumella baetsi ba lithulusi ho laola ka nepo boleng ba sehlahisoa sa bona le litšenyehelo tsa thepa.