Molao oa Phokotso ea Litheko (IRA), o saennoeng hore e be molao ke Mopresidente Joe Biden ka la 15 Phato, o na le chelete e fetang $369 bilione ho lipehelo tse reretsoeng ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo lilemong tse leshome tse tlang. Bongata ba sephutheloana sa boemo ba leholimo ke puseletso ea lekhetho ea mmuso e fihlang ho $ 7,500 ka theko ea likoloi tse fapaneng tsa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa le tse sebelisitsoeng Amerika Leboea.
Phapang e ka sehloohong ho tsoa ho likhothatso tsa EV tse fetileng ke hore e le hore u tšoanelehe bakeng sa mokoloto oa lekhetho, li-EV tsa nakong e tlang li ke ke tsa tlameha ho bokelloa Amerika Leboea feela, empa hape li entsoe ka libeteri tse hlahisoang ka har'a naha kapa linaheng tsa khoebo ea mahala. litumellano le US tse kang Canada le Mexico. Molao o mocha o reretsoe ho khothaletsa baetsi ba likoloi tsa motlakase hore ba tlose liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo ho tloha linaheng tse tsoelang pele ho ea US, empa batho ba ka hare ho indasteri ba ntse ba ipotsa hore na phetoho e tla etsahala lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, joalo ka ha tsamaiso e tšepa, kapa che.
IRA e beha lithibelo likarolong tse peli tsa libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase: likarolo tsa tsona, joalo ka lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa betri le li-electrode, le liminerale tse sebelisoang ho etsa likarolo tseo.
Ho qala selemong se tlang, li-EV tse tšoanelehang li tla hloka bonyane halofo ea likarolo tsa bona tsa betri ho etsoa Amerika Leboea, ka 40% ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri tse tsoang US kapa balekane ba eona ba khoebo. Ka 2028, palo e tlase e hlokahalang e tla eketseha selemo le selemo ho isa ho 80% bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri le 100% bakeng sa likaroloana.
Baetsi ba bang ba likoloi, ho kenyeletsoa Tesla le General Motors, ba se ba qalile ho iketsetsa libeteri tsa bona lifekthering tsa US le Canada. Ka mohlala, Tesla e etsa mofuta o mocha oa betri fekthering ea eona ea Nevada e lokelang ho ba le mefuta e teletsana ho feta eo hajoale e tsoang Japane. Khokahano ena e otlolohileng e ka thusa baetsi ba likoloi tsa motlakase ho feta tlhahlobo ea betri ea IRA. Empa bothata ba 'nete ke moo k'hamphani e fumanang lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa libeteri.
Libetri tsa koloi ea motlakase hangata li entsoe ka nickel, cobalt le manganese (lintho tse tharo tse kholo tsa cathode), graphite (anode), lithium le koporo. E tsejoa e le "tse kholo tse tšeletseng" tsa indasteri ea betri, meepo le ts'ebetso ea liminerale tsena li laoloa haholo ke China, eo tsamaiso ea Biden e e hlalositseng e le "sehlopha sa kantle se amehileng." Koloi efe kapa efe ea motlakase e entsoeng ka mor'a 2025 e nang le lisebelisoa tse tsoang Chaena e tla qheleloa ka thoko mokolotong oa lekhetho oa mmuso, ho latela IRA. Molao o thathamisa liminerale tse fetang 30 tsa libeteri tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa liphesente tsa tlhahiso.
Lik'hamphani tsa 'muso tsa Chaena li na le hoo e ka bang karolo ea 80 lekholong ea ts'ebetso ea lefats'e ea cobalt le karolo e fetang 90 lekholong ea lihlahisoa tsa nickel, manganese le graphite. Trent Mell, molaoli ea ka sehloohong oa Electra Battery Materials, k'hamphani ea Canada e rekisang thepa lefatšeng ka bophara, Trent Mell o itse: "Haeba u reka libeteri ho lik'hamphani tsa Japane le Korea Boroa, joalo ka ha baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba etsa, ho na le monyetla o motle oa hore libeteri tsa hau li na le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hape. cobalt e entsoeng. Moetsi oa likoloi tsa motlakase.
"Baetsi ba likoloi ba kanna ba batla ho etsa likoloi tse ngata tsa motlakase hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa mokoloto oa lekhetho. Empa ba tla fumana bafani ba libeteri ba tšoanelehang hokae? Hona joale, baetsi ba likoloi ha ba na boikhethelo, "ho boletse Lewis Black, CEO oa Almonty Industries. Khamphani ke e 'ngoe ea barekisi ba' maloa kantle ho China ba tungsten, liminerale tse ling tse sebelisoang ho li-anode le li-cathode tsa libeteri tse ling tsa koloi ea motlakase kantle ho China, k'hamphani e boletse. (Chaena e laola ho feta 80% ea phepelo ea lefatše ea tungsten). Merafo ea almonty le lits'ebetso Spain, Portugal le Korea Boroa.
Botumo ba China ho lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri ke litholoana tsa lilemo tse mashome tsa leano le matsete la mmuso - lipelaelo tsa batho ba batsho li ka phetoa habonolo linaheng tsa Bophirima.
"Lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng, China e thehile ketane ea phepelo ea lisebelisoa tse tala ea betri e sebetsang hantle haholo," ho boletse Black. Linaheng tsa Bophirimela, ho bula sebaka se secha sa merafo kapa sa ho hloekisa oli ho ka nka lilemo tse robeli kapa ho feta.
Mell of Electra Battery Materials o re k'hamphani ea hae, eo pele e neng e tsejoa e le Cobalt First, ke eona feela e hlahisang cobalt Amerika Leboea bakeng sa libeteri tsa koloi ea motlakase. Khampani e fumana cobalt e sa tsoakoang ho tloha morafong oa Idaho 'me e haha setsi sa ho hloekisa Ontario, Canada, se lebeletsoeng ho qala ts'ebetso mathoasong a 2023. Electra e haha mochine oa bobeli oa ho hloekisa nickel profinseng ea Canada ea Quebec.
"Amerika Leboea ha e na bokhoni ba ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa betri hape. Empa ke lumela hore bili ena e tla khothaletsa letsete le lecha la phepelo ea betri, ”ho boletse Meyer.
Re utloisisa hore o rata ho laola boiphihlelo ba hau ba Marang-rang. Empa lekeno la papatso le thusa ho tšehetsa boralitaba ba rona. Ho bala pale ea rona e felletseng, ka kopo tima ad blocker ea hau. Thuso leha e le efe e ka ananeloa haholo.
Nako ea poso: Aug-31-2022
