Molao oa Phokotso ea Inflation (IRA), o saennoeng hore e be molao ke Mopresidente Joe Biden ka la 15 Phato, o na le lipehelo tse fetang $369 bilione tse reretsoeng ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo lilemong tse leshome tse tlang. Karolo e kholo ea sephutheloana sa maemo a leholimo ke puseletso ea lekhetho la mmuso ea ho fihlela ho $7,500 bakeng sa ho reka likoloi tse fapaneng tsa motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa le tse sebelisitsoeng tse entsoeng Amerika Leboea.
Phapang ea bohlokoa ho tsoa ho likhothaletso tsa pele tsa EV ke hore e le hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa mokitlane oa lekhetho, li-EV tsa nakong e tlang li ke ke tsa tlameha ho kopanngoa Amerika Leboea feela, empa li tla boela li etsoe ka libeteri tse hlahisoang ka hare ho naha kapa linaheng tsa khoebo e lokolohileng. Molao o mocha o reretsoe ho khothaletsa baetsi ba likoloi tsa motlakase ho fetisetsa liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo ho tloha linaheng tse tsoelang pele ho ea US, empa batho ba ka hare ho indasteri ba ipotsa hore na phetoho e tla etsahala lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, joalo ka ha tsamaiso e tšepa, kapa che ho hang.
IRA e beha lithibelo likarolong tse peli tsa libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase: likarolo tsa tsona, tse kang thepa e sebetsang ea betri le electrode, le liminerale tse sebelisoang ho etsa likarolo tseo.
Ho qala selemong se tlang, di-EV tse tshwanelehang di tla hloka bonyane halofo ya dikarolo tsa tsona tsa betri ho etswa Amerika Leboya, ka 40% ya thepa e tala ya betri e tswang US kapa balekane ba yona ba kgwebo. Ka 2028, peresente e tlase e hlokahalang e tla eketseha selemo le selemo ho ya ho 80% bakeng sa thepa e tala ya betri le 100% bakeng sa dikarolo.
Baetsi ba bang ba likoloi, ho kenyeletsoa Tesla le General Motors, ba qalile ho hlahisa libeteri tsa bona lifekthering tsa US le Canada. Ka mohlala, Tesla e etsa mofuta o mocha oa betri fekthering ea eona ea Nevada eo ho thoeng e na le sebaka se selelele ho feta tse rekiloeng Japane hona joale. Kopano ena e otlolohileng e ka thusa bahlahisi ba likoloi tsa motlakase ho feta tlhahlobo ea betri ea IRA. Empa bothata ba 'nete ke hore na k'hamphani e fumana lisebelisoa tse tala tsa libeteri hokae.
Libetri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase hangata li etsoa ka nickel, cobalt le manganese (likarolo tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tsa cathode), graphite (anode), lithium le koporo. Tse tsejoang e le "tse tšeletseng tse kholo" tsa indasteri ea libeteri, merafo le ts'ebetso ea liminerale tsena li laoloa haholo ke Chaena, eo tsamaiso ea Biden e e hlalositseng e le "setsi sa kantle ho naha se amehang." Koloi efe kapa efe ea motlakase e entsoeng ka mor'a 2025 e nang le thepa e tsoang Chaena e tla be e sa kenyelletsoe mokitlaneng oa lekhetho la federal, ho latela IRA. Molao o thathamisa liminerale tse fetang 30 tsa libeteri tse fihlelang litlhoko tsa peresente ea tlhahiso.
Likhamphani tsa mmuso tsa Chaena li na le hoo e ka bang karolo ea 80 lekholong ea mesebetsi ea lefats'e ea ho lokisa cobalt le karolo e fetang 90 lekholong ea lifeme tsa ho hloekisa nickel, manganese le graphite. “Haeba u reka libeteri ho lik'hamphani tse Japane le Korea Boroa, joalo ka ha baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba etsa, ho na le monyetla o motle oa hore libeteri tsa hau li na le thepa e sebelisitsoeng hape Chaena,” ho boletse Trent Mell, mookameli ea ka sehloohong oa Electra Battery Materials, k'hamphani ea Canada e rekisang thepa ea lefats'e ea cobalt e sebetsitsoeng.
“Baetsi ba likoloi ba ka ’na ba batla ho etsa hore likoloi tse ngata tsa motlakase li tšoanelehe bakeng sa mokitlane oa lekhetho. Empa ba tla fumana bafepedi ba libeteri ba tšoanelehang hokae? Hona joale, baetsi ba likoloi ha ba na khetho,” ho boletse Lewis Black, CEO oa Almonty Industries. Khamphani ke e ’ngoe ea bafepedi ba ’maloa ba kantle ho Chaena ba tungsten, e leng minerale e ’ngoe e sebelisoang li-anode le li-cathode tsa libeteri tse ling tsa likoloi tsa motlakase kantle ho Chaena, ho boletse k’hamphani. (Chaena e laola ho feta 80% ea phepelo ea tungsten lefatšeng). Merafo le lits’ebetso tsa Almonty Spain, Portugal le Korea Boroa.
Boetapele ba Chaena thepa e tala ea betri ke phello ea mashome a lilemo a leano le mabifi la mmuso le matsete - lipelaelo tsa Black li ka phetoa habonolo linaheng tsa Bophirima.
“Lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng, Chaena e thehile ketane ea phepelo ea thepa e tala ea betri e sebetsang hantle haholo,” ho boletse Black. “Meruong ea Bophirimela, ho buloa ha feme e ncha ea merafo kapa ea oli ho ka nka lilemo tse robeli kapa ho feta.”
Mell oa Electra Battery Materials o itse k'hamphani ea hae, eo pele e neng e tsejoa e le Cobalt First, ke eona feela mohlahisi oa cobalt Amerika Leboea bakeng sa libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase. Khamphani e fumana cobalt e tala e tsoang morafong oa Idaho 'me e ntse e haha fektheri Ontario, Canada, eo ho lebelletsoeng hore e tla qala ts'ebetso mathoasong a 2023. Electra e haha fektheri ea bobeli ea nickel profinseng ea Canada ea Quebec.
"Amerika Leboea ha e na bokgoni ba ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa betri hape. Empa ke dumela hore bili ena e tla susumetsa letsete le letjha ketane ya phepelo ya betri," ho boletse Meyer.
Rea utloisisa hore o rata ho laola phihlelo ea hau ea inthanete. Empa chelete ea papatso e thusa ho tšehetsa boralitaba ba rona. Ho bala pale ea rona e felletseng, ka kopo tima sesebelisoa sa hau sa ho thibela lipapatso. Thuso efe kapa efe e tla ananeloa haholo.
Nako ea poso: Phato-31-2022
